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Experiments were conducted in the field to determine the non-chemical loss rate of methyl iodide in seawater and to examine production rates of methyl halides. The loss rate of added C13 labelled methyl iodide, present at concentrations similar to those found in seawater, corrected for chemical loss due to reaction with Cl− varied from < 1 to 18% day− 1, with a mean value of 7%. This rate of loss is much lower than that which was proposed by Bell et al. [Bell, N., Hsu, L., Jacob, D. J., Schultz, M. G., Blake, D. R., Butler, J. H., King, D. B., Lobert, J. M., Maier-Reimer, E., 2002. Methyl iodide: Atmospheric budget and use as a tracer of marine convection in global models, Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres 107(D17), 4340-4351.] to account for the large discrepancies between observed and predicted mid-latitude concentrations of CH3I based on their global photochemical source model. The suitability of several types of container for seawater incubations was studied and only quartz tubes appeared to be free of experimental artifact. Collapsible polyvinyl fluoride containers showed major production of methyl halides on irradiation with simulated sunlight. Polyethylene containers caused spurious production of methyl iodide at lower rates. 相似文献
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D. S. Cohan G. A. Sturrock A. P. Biazar P. J. Fraser 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2003,44(2):131-150
Atmospheric mixing ratios of methyl iodide (CH3I) and other methyl halides have been measured at Cape Grim, Tasmania (41°S, 145°E), since early 1998 as part of the Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment (AGAGE). This paper analyses about 1700 ambient air CH3I measurements from the 14-month period (March 1998–April 1999). Mixing ratios peaked during the summer, despite faster photolytic loss, suggesting local oceanic emissions were about 2.2–3.6 times stronger in summer than in winter. Back trajectories show that CH3I levels are strongly dependent on air mass origin, with highest mixing ratios in air from the Tasman Sea/Bass Strait region and lowest levels in air originating from the Southern Ocean at higher latitudes. CH3I mixing ratios were not well correlated with other methyl halides in unpolluted marine air. The large variations with season and air mass origin suggest that high frequency, continuous data from key locations will make a significant contribution to the understanding of sources and sinks of this important short-lived atmospheric species. 相似文献
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碘化氨除锡后封闭酸溶-电感耦合等离子体质谱测定锡矿石中的共生和伴生元素 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
锡矿石是难分解的矿物,主要存在形式是锡石(SnO_2),且共生和伴生元素多,常用的酸溶方法几乎不能溶解SnO_2,从而给锡矿石中的共生与伴生元素的准确测定带来困难。本文基于碘化氨在较低温度下熔融可产生无水状态的碘化氢,利用碘化氢的酸性和氨的还原性分解SnO_2,使Sn呈SnI_4升华分离的原理处理锡矿石。实验中以高纯铂丝作催化剂,加入碘化铵在450℃的马弗炉中分解锡矿石30 min,使得Sn以SnI_4形式挥发,除锡率达到98%以上,再用2 mL氢氟酸和1 mL硝酸封闭溶解残渣,电感耦合等离子体质谱测定钴镍铜铌钽钍铀等24个共生和伴生元素。元素检出限在0. 001～2. 9μg/g之间,90%以上元素的相对标准偏差(RSD)小于5%,相对误差小于10%。本方法解决了锡矿石难分解的问题,可测定共存金属元素,也适合测定Sn含量在1. 27%～62. 49%之间的锡矿石中的微量和痕量元素及锡精矿中的微量元素。 相似文献
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GAO Can HU Yaoqiang ZHANG Huifang YE Xiushen LI Quan LIU Haining WU Zhijian 《《地质学报》英文版》2014,88(Z1):313-314
正Iodine and iodine compounds are widely applied in medicaments,dyes,energy materials,food additives etc.The development and utilization of iodine resources have attracted much attention.A large amount of iodide is 相似文献
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The Fifth-Generation NCAR/Penn State Mesoscale Model (MM5) has been used to investigate the extra-area effects of silver iodide (AgI) seeding on stratiform clouds performed at the supercooled layer.A bulk two-moment microphysical scheme and the new software package for silver iodide are incorporated in MM5.Extra conservation equations are applied to trace the seeding agent,which is transported along the flow field and interacts with the supercooled cloud fields.In this study,the model was run using three nested grids,with 3.3 km × 3.3 km horizontal resolution in the finest grid.The model results showed that seeding with AgI at the 5 to 15℃ levels had microphysical effects on the simulated clouds and that the simulation produced a longer-lasting seeding effect because of the transport of the seeding agent by upper-level winds.Most of the AgI particles acted as deposition nuclei,and the deposition nucleation process contributed mostly to additional cloud ice formation in this study.The results showed that more precipitation results from seeded than unseeded case,and the precipitation was redistributed downwind of the target.Augmented precipitation (varying from 5% to 25% downwind) was confined in space to within 250 km of the seeding target and in time to the 3-h period after initial seeding. 相似文献
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氯溴碘连续电位滴定研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文对Cl~-,Br~-,I离子的连续电位滴定进行了详细研究,着重解决了Cl~-,Br~-离子高摩尔比连测的难题。采用Gran作图法并严格控制操作条件,Cl~-,Br~-,I~-摩尔比从1:1:1至100:1:1均能准确测定。方法操作简单、快速、准确。 相似文献
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碘化银冷云催化的数值模拟研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
利用加入碘化银冷云催化模块的中尺度数值模式WRF对2014年5月9一11日发生在华北地区的一次降雨天气过程进行了增雨催化数值模拟研究。模式的催化参数根据实际增雨作业信息进行设置,探讨了增雨的效果和机理,并针对催化高度和催化剂量进行了两组敏感性试验。结果表明:在高度5~6 km,温度一20~一15℃左右的冷云区位置引入碘化银冷云催化剂可使地面降水量显著增加。地面增雨开始于作业后30 min左右,70 min左右达到最大,90 min后出现减雨,110 min后减雨效果大于增雨。增雨机制主要为:碘化银的播撤使融化层之上云中的过冷水含量显著减少,冰雪晶的含量增加,雨滴碰并雪的过程和雨滴捕获云滴的过程增强;增加的雪晶下落到暖区融化成雨滴的过程增多,最终造成地面降雨量的显著增加。从微物理过程的量级来看,雪晶粒子的融化是导致降水增加的最主要过程。不同催化高度和催化剂量的敏感性试验结果表明,针对这次过程在过冷云水丰富,温度较低而冰雪晶含量相对较少的高度进行催化效果较好。继续加大催化剂量,可以起到更好的增雨效果。 相似文献
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离子色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱联用测定海水中的IO3^-和I^- 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究了离子色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱（IC-ICPMS）联用技术直接进样测定海水中IO3^-和I^-的方法．采用IonPacAG23离子色谱保护柱分离IO3^-和I^-，以浓度4．0mmol／dm3的KOH为流动相，流量为1．0cm3／min，每个样品的分析时间为2．5min．采用2．5×10^-3cm^3的进样量，IO3^-和I^-的检出限分别达到0．6和0．4nmol／dm2，可满足海水中碘形态的定量分析．该方法的IO3^-和I^-浓度范围在2．0nmol／dm3～2．0μmol／dm3． 相似文献